This paper analyzes the impact of Peru's agrarian reform on perceptions of income distribution. Using historical data and household surveys, an instrumental variables approach is employed to identify the causal effect of land redistribution on the gap between perceived and actual economic inequality. The results show that in areas with greater reform intensity, the absolute difference between perception and reality is more pronounced. Specifically, a 1-percentage-point increase in redistributed land reduces perceptual bias by an average of 0.127 points, indicating a tendency to underestimate one's actual position in the income distribution. Transmission mechanisms such as changes in income structure, labor formality, and perceived stability are explored, providing relevant evidence for the design of redistributive policies.

[Abstract to be added.]

[Abstract to be added.]

[Abstract to be added.]

This study examines the effects of unconditional cash transfers on the utilization of medical and pharmaceutical services. At the height of the COVID-19 crisis, the Peruvian government introduced cash transfers to alleviate the socioeconomic burden on the most vulnerable households. Using data from the 2021 Peruvian Household Survey, we apply a causal inference approach based on propensity score matching, which allows for the identification of households with comparable observable characteristics. Our findings suggest that the cash transfers did not significantly influence spending patterns. These results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of cash transfer policies during periods of adversity, with implications for the design of social and economic protection policies in crisis contexts.